layout_fruit_item.xml :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>

</LinearLayout>

Fruit.java：

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;

    public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getImageId() {
        return imageId;
    }
}

FruitAdapter.java:

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    private int resourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);

        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }

    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
        ImageView fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        TextView fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
}

MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();

    private void initFruits() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("apple", R.mipmap.if_apple);
            fruitList.add(apple);

            Fruit grapes = new Fruit("grapes", R.mipmap.if_grapes);
            fruitList.add(grapes);

            Fruit orange = new Fruit("orange", R.mipmap.if_orange);
            fruitList.add(orange);

            Fruit mango = new Fruit("mango", R.mipmap.if_mango);
            fruitList.add(mango);

            Fruit pear = new Fruit("pear", R.mipmap.if_pear);
            fruitList.add(pear);

            Fruit pomegranate = new Fruit("pomegranate", R.mipmap.if_pomegranate);
            fruitList.add(pomegranate);

            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("pineapple", R.mipmap.if_pineapple);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);

            Fruit lemon = new Fruit("lemon", R.mipmap.if_lemon);
            fruitList.add(lemon);

            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("strawberry", R.mipmap.if_strawberry);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);

            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("watermelon", R.mipmap.if_watermelon);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);

        }
    }


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        initFruits();
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.layout_fruit_item, fruitList);
        ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

优化 FruitAdapter.java ：

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    private int resourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);

        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }

    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
        View view;
        if (convertView == null) {
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
        } else {
            view = convertView;
        }
        ImageView fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        TextView fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
}

进一步优化 FruitAdapter.java ：

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    private int resourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);

        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }

    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        } else {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
        }
        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }

    class ViewHolder {
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
    }
}

ListView 的点击事件

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        initFruits();
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.layout_fruit_item, fruitList);
        ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);

        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }